
Working back VAT: how to calculate the amount excluding VAT
To work an amount including VAT back to the amount excluding VAT, divide by 1.21 or 1.09; do not subtract 21 percent. The formula, the common mistake and when to automate it.
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Practical articles about AI, integrations and automation. No jargon, with concrete guidance.
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To work an amount including VAT back to the amount excluding VAT, divide by 1.21 or 1.09; do not subtract 21 percent. The formula, the common mistake and when to automate it.

Average inventory is opening stock plus closing stock divided by two. How to calculate it, how to make it more accurate and how to use it for stock turnover and reorder points.

Adopting AI starts with a task, not a tool. Here is how to choose a first application that fits your processes, your data and your risks.

Retyping data between systems costs time and causes errors. Find out when an API integration is the right solution and what to look out for.

Not every process is suitable for automation. These five signs help you recognise which work lends itself to it, and which does not yet.

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